As a sun-kissed island, Malta is often associated with serene landscapes where the sea meets the sky. However, on March 29, 2024, news of an earthquake shook the island, as a 5.9 magnitude quake centered in Greece was felt across Malta, causing concern among residents and tourists alike. In fact, Malta has a long history of seismic activity, with earthquakes serving as a constant reminder of nature’s power.
Looking back through history, one of the most significant earthquakes in Malta occurred in 1693. This devastating quake, measuring 7.4 on the Richter scale, originated approximately 170 kilometers away in southeastern Sicily. Despite the distance, it generated massive waves that triggered a tsunami, wreaking havoc on the port of Valletta. The destructive force of the earthquake nearly obliterated two-thirds of the buildings and population in the city of Catania on Sicily.
Another catastrophic event took place from October 11 to 12, 1856, when an even more powerful earthquake struck the Mediterranean, registering 8.3 on the Richter scale. Although the epicenter was over 1,000 kilometers away on the Greek island of Crete, the tremors caused significant damage in Valletta and Gozo. Many homes suffered severe cracks, and several historical landmarks, including the dome of St. Paul’s Cathedral in Mdina and the bell tower of the parish church in Żurrieq, were left in ruins.
While Malta is not situated in a high seismic zone like Japan or Mexico, it still faces threats from strong earthquakes throughout the Mediterranean region. The famous seismic zone known as the Hellenic Arc, which stretches from Greece to Italy, is located near the Maltese archipelago. The active fault lines in this volcanic region can release energy, resulting in tremors felt in Malta. Additionally, the slow movement of the Atlantic tectonic plate beneath the Earth’s crust contributes to the buildup of seismic energy, leading to potential earthquakes. Even seemingly minor geological activities, such as rock collapses or landslides, can trigger significant vibrations. For instance, during the devastating earthquake of 1693, the bay of Slendi on Gozo experienced a bizarre phenomenon where the sea receded by a kilometer before violently surging back, causing further casualties and destruction.
It is evident that Malta’s geological environment and structural patterns make it susceptible to the “cold killer” of earthquakes. Although major quakes may seem rare, the resulting tremors could occur more frequently than one might expect. To address this threat, the University of Malta’s Earthquake Monitoring and Research Unit is enhancing its observation of local and regional seismic activities, striving to uncover underground hazards and ensure public safety. As inhabitants of this planet, we must respect the majesty of nature while also preparing for potential challenges rather than taking them lightly. After all, Malta’s tumultuous geological history, hidden beneath the surface, could easily unfold into the next gripping chapter of seismic upheaval if neglected.
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