Nestled beneath the island of Malta lies a mysterious underground world known as the Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum. This prehistoric site is not only the only underground prehistoric temple in the world but also a precious testament to early human civilization. Stepping into this ancient underground palace feels like traveling back in time, to 5,000 years ago.
The Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum of Malta
Located near the city of Paola, the Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum is a three-tiered underground structure. Carved out of rock 12 meters below ground by Neolithic humans, it was initially used as a temple and later transformed into a burial site. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that it was excavated underground, yet its architectural design resembles the megalithic temples found above ground. The entire hypogeum spans an area of 500 square meters and consists of 38 stone chambers. A spiral staircase leads down from the entrance to a vaulted, olive-shaped underground chamber. The hypogeum features numerous caves, each serving different purposes, including granaries, water storage rooms, oracle chambers, and burial rooms.
Inside the Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum
Upon entering the Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum, visitors are greeted by winding corridors, spacious rooms, and intricately carved stone pillars. These detailed carvings and architectural structures showcase the advanced building techniques and profound religious beliefs of ancient peoples. As you delve deeper, you will encounter burial chambers, altars, and holy water basins, all of which reflect the ancient views on life, death, and rebirth. The rooms of the hypogeum were carved from limestone using stone tools, with walls painted in earthy tones. The ceilings and walls are adorned with spiral, curved, and circular patterns, their light brown hues symbolizing the continuity of life across generations. One wall features charcoal drawings of human handprints, while another rock displays a depiction of a bull measuring three feet tall and four feet long. In another chamber, two terracotta figurines were unearthed, one of which represents a “sleeping fat woman,” revered in Malta as the Earth Mother associated with fertility.
Every corner of the Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum is filled with stories and mysteries. For instance, the acoustic effects in certain rooms are particularly pronounced, suggesting that ancient peoples may have intentionally designed these spaces to create unique sound effects during religious ceremonies. When the hypogeum was discovered in 1902, over 6,000 skeletal remains were removed from the burial chambers, leading researchers to conclude that this site served as a cemetery in prehistoric times. Within the oracle chamber, there is a niche carved into the wall, believed to have been used for delivering oracles. When a bass voice is directed at this niche, the sound can be heard throughout the various chambers and entrances, making it a remarkable phenomenon. Additionally, the murals and carvings found on the walls provide insight into the artistic sensibilities and cosmology of ancient peoples.
To protect this invaluable site, visitor numbers to the Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum are strictly regulated. Reservations are required in advance, and tours are conducted with a guide. This stringent management not only preserves the integrity of the site but also ensures that visitors can experience and appreciate the significance of this prehistoric sanctuary in a serene and sacred atmosphere.
Exploring the Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum is not just a journey into the lifestyle of prehistoric times; it is also a spiritual awakening. In this ancient underground world, you will be awed by the wisdom and spirit of ancient civilizations, gaining a deeper understanding and respect for the continuity of human history and culture. The Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum is not only a source of pride for Malta but also a shared cultural heritage of humanity, deserving of exploration, experience, and appreciation by all.
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